NAIROBI, Kenya (PAMACC News) - Institutional reform is a key intervention towards ensuring the resilience of African economies and the livelihoods of communities, says the African Climate Policy Centre (ACPC) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA). According to James Murombedzi, Officer-in-Charge of ACPC, communities have long practiced many adaptation strategies and devised many viable responses to changing conditions. “However, there are limits to how well communities can continue to practice adaptive livelihoods in the context of a changing climate. They need the support of an enabling environment created by government-planned adaptation,” he observed. He was addressing a forum on climate governance preceding the Seventh Conference on Climate Change and Development in Africa (CCDA-VII) in Nairobi, Kenya. The Conference comes on the heels of the IPCC report on Global Warming of 1.5oC which says the world is heading towards catastrophe if immediate action is not taken to halt greenhouse gas emissions. “We have adequate knowledge of the causes of global warming, and the science is conclusive. There is no room for climate deniers in this discourse,” said James Murombedzi. “However, the inaction that we have seen is not because there is insufficient knowledge or technology or finance. We have enough of these to be able to change the way in which we produce, distribute and consume goods and services” The report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change confirms what the impacts of climate change that African is already experiencing.Mithika Mwenda of the Pan-African Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA) said the implementation of climate policies remains crucial. “The successful implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), a set of actions each country has committed under Paris Agreement to combat climate change, will be determined by the policy and legal frameworks which will be laid down by individual countries,” he noted. African economies and communities are generally dependent on natural resources. The use and management of these natural resources also tends to be characterized by institutional structures which are poor, making them vulnerable to climate extremes. CCDA-VII will focus on mobilizing action towards the achievement of the objectives of the Paris Agreement. The ACPC, through the ClimDev Africa initiative, is already exploring the climate governance prospects for Africa structural transformation towards achieving the aspirations of Agenda 2063 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). “Climate change is cross cutting. It affects every aspect of life, and our ability to achieve the SDGs or indeed any of the aspirations of agenda 2063 is constrained by climate change. Because of its cross cutting nature, climate governance is complex. It requires the participation of multiple stakeholders, with sometimes conflicting interests” said James.With the support of DfID, the ACPC is also implementing the Weather and Climate Information Services (WISER) which seeks to promote the production and use of climate information, and contributes to building the capacities of hydrological and meteorological authorities across the continent. The ACPC has also developed a five year programme which seeks to support African countries in building resilient infrastructure and economies. Climate…

NAIROBI, Kenya (PAMACC News) - Growing and harvesting bioenergy crops--corn for ethanol or trees to fuel power plants, for example--is a poor use of land, which is a precious resource in the fight against climate change, says a University of Michigan researcher.Untampered green areas like forests and grasslands naturally sequester carbon dioxide, and they are one of society's best hopes for quickly reducing the greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, says John DeCicco, research professor at the U-M Energy Institute.DeCicco and William Schlesinger, president emeritus of the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies have authored an opinion piece in the current edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.The researchers call for policymakers, funding agencies, fellow academics and industry leaders to urgently shift their focus from bioenergy to what they call "terrestrial carbon management," or TCM. That strategy emphasizes planting more trees and conserving more wild areas that feed on carbon dioxide."The world needs to rethink its priorities about how to use the biosphere given the urgency of the climate problem and the risks to biodiversity," DeCicco said.The biosphere encompasses all life on Earth, and for climate protection, it particularly refers to trees, plants and the living carbon--microorganisms--in soils."Current policies advancing bioenergy contribute to the pressure to convert natural land into harvested forest or cropland," DeCicco said. "But high quality land is a limited resource. For reducing atmospheric CO2, the most efficient use of ecologically productive land is to leave it alone, or reforest it. Let it act as a natural, long-term carbon sink."The new opinion piece expands on DeCicco's earlier findings that biofuels are not inherently carbon-neutral, as they are widely purported to be, and Schlesinger's long-time research as a leading ecologist and biogeochemist.The assumption that bioenergy simply recycles carbon--which DeCicco and Schlesinger call a major accounting error--is built into the lifecycle assessments used for energy policy as well as the protocols for international carbon accounting. And it has fostered major R&D investments in biofuels, which, in turn, have been assigned a key role in many climate stabilization scenarios.The core of that assumption is the idea that producing a biofuel and then burning it for energy moves a given amount of carbon from the biosphere to the atmosphere, and back again in an unending and stable cycle. That's in contrast to the current one-way flow of fossil-fuel carbon from the Earth to the atmosphere.But here's where DeCicco sees a problem: For bioenergy to be actually carbon neutral, harvesting the biomass to produce it would have to greatly speed up the net flow of carbon from the atmosphere back into vegetation. Otherwise, many decades can pass before the "carbon debt" of excess carbon dioxide in the air is repaid by future plant growth."All currently commercial forms of bioenergy require land and risk carbon debts that last decades into the future. Given the urgency of the climate problem, it is puzzling why some parties find these excess near-term CO2 emissions acceptable," the researchers write.In 2016, DeCicco published a study finding that just…

ACCRA, Ghana (PAMACC News) - Twenty-seven nations across Africa have now committed to restore 111 million hectares of degraded land as part of the African Forest Landscape Restoration Initiative (AFR100) and the Bonn Challenge – exceeding the 100-million-hectare AFR100 target. In realizing these commitments, countries will spur climate resilience, economic growth and more. AFR100 was launched in 2015 in response to the African Union (AU) mandate to bring 100 million hectares of land into restoration by 2030. The initiative is led by the African Union’s NEPAD Agency in partnership with 27 participating countries, 27 technical and 12 financial partners. Founding partners include NEPAD, the German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), World Resources Institute (WRI), GIZ, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and the World Bank. During the 3rd Annual AFR100 Partners Meeting in Nairobi this August, member country representatives, as well as technical and financial partners supporting implementation, reaffirmed that the initiative is a powerful lever to bring forest landscape restoration to scale. “It is a testament to the continuing political will to restore landscapes across Africa that the AFR100 partnership has exceeded its 100-million-hectare target in commitments. We must sustain this momentum and move from pledges to implementation. There are already many examples of restoration success underway in African communities from which we can collectively learn, to realize these commitments,” said Wanjira Mathai, Senior Advisor, WRI and Co-Chair, Global Restoration Council. In the margins of the meeting, two countries pledged to restore a combined 19.6 million hectares of land towards the 100-million-hectare target: Burkina Faso (5 million hectares) and the Republic of Sudan (14.6 million hectares). These pledges follow commitments made by Togo (1.4 million hectares) and Tanzania (5.2 million hectares) in the weeks prior to the meeting. “Sudan is delighted to be able to commit to restore 14.6 million hectares of degraded land as part of AFR100. Restoration in Sudan will support in the reduction of youth immigration and food security for the poorest communities, as well as help the country to respond to international commitments,” said Ali Hamid Osman, Monitoring and Evaluation Specialist for the Sudan Sustainable Natural Resources Management Project and Sudan’s AFR100 Focal Point. “The fight against desertification and land degradation is a major challenge for Burkina Faso's sustainable development and economic vitality. Our 5-million-hectare commitment to the AFR100 Initiative will improve food security and create more robust livelihoods, both of which are conducive to resilient restoration and productive agro-ecosystems. In our context, special attention and effort should be given to sustainable employment and entrepreneurship for young people and women, to provide economic opportunities through the restoration of our lands and forests,” added Adama Doulkom, Coordinator of the Great Green Wall Initiative for the Sahara and the Sahel, Burkina Faso. “Indeed, of all the Bonn Challenge’s regional platforms, AFR100 is the most successful, contributing over half of the current global commitment of 170 million hectares. Ideas can only take root if they are owned and while many have contributed to…

513 millions tonnes de nourriture à produire. C’est l’objectif à atteindre sur le continent par le programme TAAT initié par le Banque africaine de développement.La production agricole explosera en Afrique si les technologies sont mises à la disposition des producteurs, y compris les petits paysans.Ces technologies doivent donc arriver jusque dans les villages. Cette conviction a guidé la mise sur pied du programme dénommé Technologies pour la transformation de l’agriculture africaine (TAAT). Au niveau de la Banque africaine de développement (Bad), qui en est l’initiateur, les projections sont déjà faites. Jusqu’à 513 millions de tonnes de production alimentaire seront produites d’ici 2025.Ce qui permettra de nourrir environ 250 millions de personnes sur le continent. Ce sont autant d’Africains qui sortiront de la pauvreté, non seulement parce qu’ils mangeront mieux et bien, mais aussi parce qu’ils gagneront suffisamment de l’argent pour vivre dans la décence.Le programme TAAT est en train de boucler une année d’activité. Son comité de pilotage s’est réuni à Yaoundé en septembre 2018, le temps de sa deuxième réunion annuelle, après les assises de Cotonou au Benin en mars. C’est ce comité qui valide les technologies jugées performantes, qui sont ensuite vulgarisés auprès des producteurs dans les pays.Imaginez par exemple que pour une culture comme le maïs, il soit question d’appliquer une concentration de technologies pour résoudre les problèmes qui se posent à diverse étapes : de la sélection des semences jusqu’à la transformation du produit.En effet, le programme TAAT permettra d’avoir des semences améliorées, d’adopter des pratiques culturales visant à booster le rendement à l’hectare. Puis il y aura des infrastructures pour sécuriser la production dans les champs, pour réduire les pertes pendant et après la récolte.La question du stockage de la production sera aussi réglée. Enfin la transformation interviendra au bout de la chaîne. A chaque étape, il faudra appliquer des technologies spécifiques. Cela vaut pour l’exemple du maïs comme pour d’autres cultures.Ainsi, plusieurs problèmes sont résolus dans la chaîne de production agricole. Au Cameroun par exemple, plus de 25% de la production est perdue. Les pertes post-récoltes du maïs représentent 30% de la production.Avec le manioc, ces pertes se situent à 40%. Ces chiffres ont été rappelés par le ministre de l’Agriculture et du Développement rural, Henri Eyebe Ayissi, à l’ouverture des travaux du comité de pilotage du programme TAAT.FinancementLa première phase du programme est financée à hauteur de 36 millions de dollars, soit un peu plus de 20,2 milliards F.Cfa. « Pour le financement, nous mobilisons les centres de recherche internationaux, les centres de recherche nationaux, le secteur privé et les coopératives de producteurs dans les pays africains », explique Albert Nyaba, chargé du secteur agricole à la représentation de la Bad au Cameroun.Le comité de pilotage du programme TAAT est présidé par le ministre béninois de l’Agriculture, de l’Elevage et de Pêche, Gaston Cossi Dossouhoui. Les autres membres sont des experts issus des centres de recherche agricole, mais aussi des agriculteurs et des hommes d’action. Le Cameroun est représenté par l'Institut de recherche…