ISINYA, Kenya (PAMACC News) - After losing nearly all of his cattle to drought in 2017, David Ole Maapia, a young Maasai man who grew up in Kenya’s Kajiado County as a herdsboy is one of many residents from pastoralist communities who are slowly changing their way of living, to adapt to the changing climatic conditions in the country.“It is already raining, and there will be plenty of pastures in the coming months. But following my experience last year, and also what happened to my neighbours, I can no longer keep cattle for more than a day,” said Ole Maapia, a resident of Isinya Township, 56 kilometres out of Nairobi City. “Instead, I have chosen to bank all my wealth in sheep and goats,” he said.The 32 year old father of five children lost 48 cattle following last year’s dry spell. And for the past six months, he has been buying cattle almost every day, have them slaughtered the same day before supplying meat to designated hotels in Nairobi. He then uses the profit to purchase at least two or three goats every market day.I already have more than 200 goats and sheep, and I know by December, I will have over 1000,” he said. “If I sell all of them during the festive Christmas period, I will have enough money to purchase a small piece of land within Isinya Township where I intend to construct commercial houses as an alternative source of livelihood,” he said.Many other residents have as well abandoned cattle keeping, which has for many years been considered the most prestigious thing among pastoralist communities.Though without any formal education, Ole Maapia’s switch in lifestyle conforms with key findings from a new scientific study in Kenya, which shows that cattle have been the most vulnerable animals to climate change in nearly all the 21 semi arid counties in the country.According to the study conducted by scientists from the Kenya Markets Trust (KMT) with support from the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Canada and the UK Department for International Development (DFID), through a project known as Pathways to Resilience in Semi-arid Economies (PRISE), average cattle population in all semi arid counties reduced by 26 percent between the year 1977 and 2016.But the same study, whose key findings are currently being disseminated to targeted counties reveals that the population in sheep and goats increased by an impressive 76 percent in the same period, with camel population also increasing by 13 percent. “This is a clear impact of climate change,” Dr Mohammed Said, one of the lead researchers told Thomson Reuters Foundation. “We say it is climate change because in the past 50 years, we observed increase in temperatures in all the counties with five of them recording more than 1.5°C increase in the same period,” he said.The most affected county, says the scientist, is Turkana, whose temperature increased by 1.8°C in the past 50 years, leading to over 60 percent decrease in cattle population in the past 38 years.According to…

BONN, Germany (PAMACC News) - As the Bonn climate talks came to close on May 10, civil society and non-party stakeholder groups reiterated their call for urgent climate action. The groups demand that governments follow-up the Paris Agreement with increased urgent action to prevent average global warming from rising 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. At an action event at the Bonn climate change talks in advance of the closing session of the Talanoa Dialogue, groups highlighted that Parties must reinforce the Paris Agreement goal and commit to enhanced action as a matter of survival for vulnerable countries.“Perception on climate change has changed over the years,” said Olivia Adhiambo, Policy and Advocacy Manager at the Pan African Climate Justice Alliance. “Though we may differ on what action to take, the consensus across the world is that the climate has changed, and that someone somewhere has caused the problem. Climate change is no longer an isolated scientific and environmental issue, it has dimensions in all human development indicators.”Adhiambo says PACJA believes that climate change is a poverty issue because it has exacerbated poverty in the world; an equity issue because it disproportionately affects the poor nd vulnerable countries and sectors of the society, and a justice issue because it was caused by rich people and the poor are mostly affected.For the last nine days, delegates have been negotiating the various technical issues under the UNFCCC technical and implementation bodies, the Subsidiary Body for implementaion (SBI), and the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA). Key among the issues discussed include climate finance, a key enabler to the implementation of the Paris Agreement, importance of Agriculture to developing country parties in terms of adaptation, the finalization of the Paris Rule book for implementation, and increasing climate ambition through the Talanoa dialoge regarding emission cuts. This is view of the fact that the current collective pledges made under the Paris Agreement, are not enough to meet the target of limiting global temperature rise to below 1.5 oC. In fact, according to the analysis, even a full implementation of current unconditional and conditional Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) makes a temperature increase of at least 3oC by 2100 very likely. “In a world that is already warmer by about 1ºC, people and communities around the world are already facing serious threats to their human rights,” said Sebastien Duyck, Senior Attorney, Center for International Environmental Law, during a climate action event organsied by both the north and south civil society groups.In line with a human rights approach, Duyck said the survival of the most exposed to the impacts of climate-related natural disasters is already at risk while the growing temperature undermines the rights to food, water and livelihood of millions. “These human rights impacts will only grow in magnitude with the increase of temperatures - undermining the ability of the most vulnerable States to protect their own people. Keeping the increase of temperatures below 1.5ºC is a necessity to protect human rights,” he added.The gender face of…

BONN, Germany (PAMACC News) - A popular slogan with climate activists in global climate negotiations is "kick polluters out". But fossil fuel companies are still welcome at the UN climate talks.The influence of the fossil fuel industry and other polluting industries has become a central topic of concern for governments.The issue of conflicts of interest and how to best ensure the integrity of the UNFCCC process once again dominated the climate talks in Bonn, Germany as governments launched what is meant to be a formative year for climate policy.Talks on developing a conflict of interest policy ended with a mandate to talk more next time.The African Group, Ecuador and Cuba and the Africa group had advocated such a policy which is opposed by the US, EU, Canada, Norway and Australia.Both sides have agreed to identify opportunities "to further enhance the openness, transparency, inclusiveness of the effective engagement of non-party stakeholders"."Once again, the United States and its pro-fossil fuel allies are on the wrong side of history, putting Big Polluters before people and the planet. But today's results prove that no amount of obstruction from the U.S. and its Big Polluter allies will ultimately prevent this movement from advancing.And while Global North obstructionism mired these talks in delays, obstruction and censorship, Global South leaders prevailed in securing a clear path forward for the conflict of interest movement, ensuring the issue will be front and center next year," said Jesse Bragg of Corporate Accountability.Delivering the Goals of the Paris AgreementThis year 2018 can make it or break it for climate change as the Paris Agreement passes through its first test.Front-runner countries and civil society representatives have presented a concrete road-map of how they are enhancing climate plans by 2020 in an attempt to push other states to commit to doing the same at the upcoming UN Climate negotiations (COP24) that will be held in Katowice, Poland.Countries need to send a clear signal in COP24 that they will enhance their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2020 if the goal to keep warming below 1.5C is to be reached."I would say that COP24 in Katowice is probably the most critical meeting since Paris," said Alden Meyer, Director, Strategy and Policy, Union of Concerned Scientists. "The world will be watching to see if countries are serious about implementing and strengthening the Paris Agreement. We have a mandate to adopt a package of rules to implement the Paris agreement across a range of issues".Civil Society ActionA day to the end of the Bonn talks, major civil society and non-party stakeholder groups demanded that government's follow-up the Paris Agreement with increased urgent action to prevent average global warming from rising 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.Groups highlighted that Parties must reinforce this Paris Agreement goal and commit to enhanced action as a matter of survival for vulnerable countries."For the world's most vulnerable people keeping global warming to 1.5 degrees is not just a 'nice to have', it is essential to ensure they can maintain and improve their way of…

PORTO-NOVO, Benin (Nouvelles PAMACC) - Depuis plusieurs années au Bénin, la transhumance réunit tous les signes d’un conflit mille et une fois reporté.Il n’y a pas de saison où elle n’a pas eu ses morts et cela risque de ne pas s’arrêter si la méthode de gestion de cette activité ne change pas. De la révolution à la rupture, la transhumance apparait comme un phénomène sur lequel tous les gouvernements au Bénin se sont fracassés.Enquête De quoi s’agit-il en fait ? Selon Louis Gnaho, Docteur Vétérinaire à la retraite, « la transhumance est un mouvement cyclique et pendulaire des éleveurs en raison des difficultés dans leur localité d’origine de faire face aux nécessités d’affouragement, c’est-à-dire, de pâturage et d’abreuvement du bétail ».Pour Marcel Houinato, Enseignant-Chercheur à l’Université d’Abomey-Calavi, « c’est un système d’élevage comme tout autre. L’éleveur quitte sa région avec son troupeau où les ressources font défaut pour aller vers d’autres localités où ces ressources sont disponibles, tout en ayant le regard derrière et retourne dès que les ressources sont reconstituées sur son territoire ».La transhumance devrait alors se dérouler sans accroc. Elle ne devient un problème que lorsqu’elle est mal gérée. Le problème, indique l’Enseignant-Chercheur, c’est beaucoup plus lié à la traversée des zones qui n’étaient pas habituées à recevoir un grand nombre de bétail et en plus, la fréquentation de ces localités par les animaux à un moment où les activités agricoles sont encore en cours.Agonli : la zone de prédilection de la transhumanceCovè, Zagnannado, Ouinhi et Zogbodomè sont des communes du département du Zou, au Bénin, très proches de la vallée de l’Ouémé. C’est là, où les plaines inondables offrent beaucoup plus de possibilité d’alimentation au bétail.C’est d’ailleurs pour cela, qu’à chaque saison, la zone est envahie par une horde de troupeaux : dix à cinquante mille têtes de bœuf, en quête de la vaine pâture et de l’eau. Ils viennent le plus souvent du Burkina faso, du Niger, du Mali et du Nigéria.Pour James Bojrènou, un citoyen de cette région, cette période qui va de la mi-décembre jusqu’à fin mars, est un traumatisme pour les populations de l’arrondissement de Tohouè, dans la commune de Ouinhi.L’intéressé se souvient de ce qui s’est passé le 31 janvier 2013 dans son arrondissement. Sous prétexte de punir les habitants de cette localité pour les avoir chassés, les peulhs ont brulé tout sur leur passage au niveau du village de Tohouè.Dès fois vous avez plus de bœufs que d’habitants. Quand ils passent, souligne Florent Hessou un autre citoyen de cette même région, ils réduisent tout en poussière. Or, il y a une loi qui organise cette activité. Il s’agit de la loi n°87-013 du 21 septembre 1987 portant règlementation de la vaine pâture, de la garde des animaux domestiques et de la transhumance.Elle prévoit pour tout troupeau étranger, les portes d’entrée, les itinéraires et les zones d’accueil ou de transhumance. Elle détermine les périodes de transhumance. Le retour des éleveurs et des troupeaux transhumants dans leur pays d’origine est obligatoire.La…